Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Reasons for a hysterectomy Hysterectomy for women of childbearing age Other roles of the uterus and ovaries Treatments other than hysterectomy Types of hysterectomy Before choosing a hysterectomy Hysterectomy operation After a hysterectomy Where to get help. Hysterectomy for women of childbearing age Once a woman has had a hysterectomy of any kind, she cannot become pregnant.
Other roles of the uterus and ovaries The uterus has important functions other than childbearing, including: sexuality — the uterus rhythmically contracts during orgasm, contributing to sensations of pleasure self-image — the uterus is of great psychological importance to some women for many reasons, including fertility, femininity, sexuality and body image.
These include: fibroids heavy or irregular menstrual periods uterine prolapse endometriosis. Fibroids Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form within the muscular walls of the uterus. Heavy menstrual bleeding Heavy menstrual bleeding may be due to fibroids, adenomyosis, cancers, bleeding disorders, other medical conditions and also unknown causes. Alternative treatment to a hysterectomy for heavy bleeding may include: hormone therapies — such as progestins progesterone-like medications , levonorgestrel -releasing IUDs, etonogestrel-releasing implants and Depo Provera combined oral contraceptive pill surgery — endometrial ablation.
Uterine prolapse Alternative treatment to a hysterectomy for uterine prolapse depends on the degree of prolapse, but may include: pelvic floor exercises the insertion of a pessary into the vagina to prop up the uterus surgical repair without hysterectomy.
Endometriosis For endometriosis , alternative treatment to a hysterectomy may include hormonal therapies, surgical removal of areas of endometriosis, or a combination of both.
Types of hysterectomy There are five types of hysterectomy: total hysterectomy — where the uterus and cervix are removed subtotal partial hysterectomy — where the uterus is removed, but the cervix is left in place. While removal of the cervix is generally advised because it is a potential cancer site, some women feel that it serves a purpose during penetrative sex.
If the cervix is kept, regular cervical screening is still necessary hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy — where the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed. This operation is performed if the woman has cancer of the ovaries or the uterus, or for chronic pain due to recurrent pelvic infection or recurrent endometriosis radical hysterectomy — the most extensive version of the operation.
It involves the removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, upper part of the vagina, and associated pelvic ligaments and lymph nodes. Before choosing a hysterectomy If, after talking about all the options with your doctor, you choose to have a hysterectomy, your doctor should discuss several things with you before the operation.
These include: your medical history — as some pre-existing conditions may influence decisions on surgery and anaesthetics the pros and cons of abdominal open or laparoscopic surgery versus vaginal surgery your support options after surgery your feelings about the surgery.
Hysterectomy operation The operation may be performed via an incision cut in your lower abdomen abdominal hysterectomy , three to four small incisions in your abdomen laparoscopic hysterectomy , or through your vagina vaginal hysterectomy. Abdominal hysterectomy For an abdominal hysterectomy, the surgeon usually makes a horizontal cut along your pubic hairline your pubic hair may have been shaved around the incision.
Laparoscopic hysterectomy For a laparoscopic hysterectomy, the surgeon inserts a telescope laparoscope to see your pelvic organs through a small incision in your navel, and makes another three or four small incisions through which other instruments are used.
This type of hysterectomy may be performed with the aid of a robot. Vaginal hysterectomy A vaginal hysterectomy is performed through an incision at the top of the vagina. After a hysterectomy Immediately after a hysterectomy operation, you can expect to: wake up in the recovery room feel some soreness around the operation site — you will be given pain-relieving medication to enable you to maintain some mobility experience wind pain for a few days have the intravenous IV tube removed from your arm sometime during the first few days, depending on the procedure and your condition have the catheter drainage tube removed from your bladder within 24 hours of surgery, unless your bladder was traumatised during surgery, then it will remain in longer be encouraged to get out of bed and go for short walks around the hospital ward as soon as possible for this reason, adequate pain relief is very important stay in hospital for two to four days, depending on the type of surgery, sometimes longer.
Self-care after hysterectomy Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions for the four to six-week post-operative period include: rest — try to rest as much as possible for at least two weeks.
You should avoid driving during this time. Always rest lying down exercise — continue with the exercises you were shown in hospital. You should aim to go for a walk each day, unless advised otherwise by your doctor standing — avoid standing for more than a few minutes at a time in the early post-operative period.
You can increase standing time as your recovery progresses lifting — avoid heavy lifting and stretching constipation — to avoid constipation, drink plenty of fluids and eat fresh fruits and vegetables. You may be advised to take stool softeners for the first few days medication — if you have been prescribed antibiotics, make sure you take the full course, even if you feel well sex — it is advised that you avoid vaginal sex until after the post-operative check about four to six weeks after the operation to make sure the vagina is fully healed.
If vaginal dryness is a problem, it may be helpful to use a lubricant, or sweet almond oil or olive oil.
Long-term outlook after hysterectomy After hysterectomy, you will no longer need contraception or have menstrual periods. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. If sadness or negative feelings begin to interfere with your enjoyment of everyday life, talk with your doctor.
Abdominal hysterectomy care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Types of hysterectomy surgery Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Types of hysterectomy surgery A partial hysterectomy top left removes just the uterus, and the cervix is left intact. Female reproductive system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Female reproductive system The ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina vaginal canal make up the female reproductive system.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Abdominal hysterectomy incisions Open pop-up dialog box Close. Abdominal hysterectomy incisions During abdominal hysterectomy, your surgeon makes a vertical or a horizontal incision in your lower abdomen. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Walters MD. Choosing a route of hysterectomy for benign uterine disease. Accessed Jan. First consult. Accessed Dec. Baggish MS. Robotic surgery in gynecology.
Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery. Saunders Elsevier. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier; Stovall T, et al. Abdominal hysterectomy. Bakkum-Gamez J expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Frequently asked questions. The connecting blood vessels will be tied off. The uterus and cervix will be removed through the vagina. Lastly, the top of the vagina will be closed with stitches.
Pain, bloating, and vaginal discharge and bleeding are common in the first few days. Medicine and home care can help. It will take about 3 to 8 weeks to fully heal, depending on which procedure was done. Physical activity and sex will be limited during this time. Tampons will need to be avoided. Ask for help with daily activities and delay your return to work. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists website.
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What Our Patients are Saying A leading indicator of our success is the feedback we get from our patients. Home Health Library. Hysterectomy—Open Surgery Click here to view an animated version of this procedure. Definition Hysterectomy is surgery to remove the uterus womb.
Pregnancy will no longer be possible. There are different types this surgery: Supracervical hysterectomy—removal of the uterus only Total hysterectomy—removal of the uterus and cervix the opening of the uterus leading to the vagina Radical hysterectomy—removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, upper part of the vagina, and the pelvic lymph nodes Salpingo-oophorectomy —removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes may be combined with any of the above procedures Reasons for Procedure This procedure may be done if the uterus is causing health problems that cannot be treated by other means.
It may also be done to: Treat cancers, such as uterine , endometrial, and ovarian cancers Remove uterine fibroids Treat conditions, such as chronic pelvic pain or heavy bleeding Possible Complications Problems are rare, but all procedures have some risk.
You will be asleep. Description of the Procedure This surgery will be done in one of two ways: Open Abdominal Hysterectomy An incision will be made in the lower abdomen. Abdominal Hysterectomy The uterus is removed through the abdomen. Open Vaginal Hysterectomy This method will not involve any outside incisions.
Vaginal Hysterectomy The uterus is removed through the vagina. How Long Will It Take? Average Hospital Stay The usual length of stay is 1 to 3 days.
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